Links: The DIY home VPN experiment series

Part One: Introduction

It’s been a while since my last blog entry, and I’ve decided to catch you up on some of the projects that I’ve been working on in my home lab. This next series of posts is going to revolve around the do-it-yourself home VPN.

What is a VPN, or virtual private network?

“A VPN is a communications environment in which access is controlled to permit peer connections only within a defined community of interest, and is constructed though some form of partitioning of a common underlying communications medium, where this underlying communications medium provides services to the network on a nonexclusive basis [1].”

In essence, a VPN is private and controlled network communication over a non-private medium – the Internet.

Full articles here (source: empiric virtualization):
Introduction.
Generating a PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) for my OpenVPN.
My Virtualized OpenVPN Server.
Deploying OpenVPN using CentOS on a Raspberry Pi.

Link: Command Line Tools to Monitor Linux Performance

It’s really very tough job for every System or Network administrator to monitor and debug Linux System Performance problems every day. After being a Linux Administrator for 5 years in IT industry, I came to know that how hard is to monitor and keep systems up and running. For this reason, we’ve compiled the list of Top 15 frequently used command line monitoring tools that might be useful for every Linux/Unix System Administrator. These commands are available under all flavors of Linux and can be useful to monitor and find the actual causes of performance problem. This list of commands shown here are very enough for you to pick the one that is suitable for your monitoring scenario.

Full article here:
Command Line Tools to Monitor Linux Performance (KBTechWorld)

Link: The Best Online Tools To Know Everything About a Website

How do I contact the owner of a website? Where is a particular website hosted? What other websites are hosted on that same server ? Is the site using WordPress or the Drupal platform? What ad networks are they using to monetize a site? Is the site accessible from China?

Here are some of the most useful online tools that will help you know each and every detail of any website. Let’s get started.

Full article here:
The Best Online Tools To Know Everything About a Website (Digital Inspiration)

Link: Alternative to WordPress: 5 Great CMS You Might Not Have Heard of Before

WordPress may be the most popular CMS (content management system) in the web; it is definitely not the only one around. There are many other CMS that are equally powerful as WordPress. Here are five alternatives for you.

Full article here:
Alternative to WordPress: 5 Great CMS You Might Not Have Heard of Before (Make Tech Easier)
Related:
10 Free CMS alternatives to wordpress that you might not know about (Smashing Hub)

Link: Linux alias command explained with examples

Today we will see how to set alias in Linux/Unix and save the time while typing. Hope this alias will save you number of hours. This will greatly help you to concentrate on your learning rather than just entering commands. We have to spend as less time as possible in typing and use that time for some meaningful stuff. Below are some things which we will learn today.

What is an alias?

What are advantages of alias?

For which commands we have to use alias?

How to define an alias?

How to define an alias permanently?

How to use an alias?

How to view set alias in Linux machine?

How to unset an alias?

Alias command with examples

Advanced alias? Then use functions.

Full article here:
Linux alias command explained with examples (The Linux Juggernaut)
Related:
30 Handy Bash Shell Aliases For Linux / Unix / Mac OS X (Cloud Computing)

Link: How To Install & Configure BIND9 on Raspbian Wheezy

About BIND9

BIND is the most widely used DNS system on the internet, on Unix like operating systems its the de facto standard. Originally written by four graduate students at the Computer Systems Research Group at the University of California, Berkeley (UCB), the name originates as an acronym from Berkeley Internet Name Domain, reflecting the application’s use within UCB. BIND 9 was released in September 2000.

Raspbian is an unofficial port of Debian wheezy armhf with compilation settings adjusted to produce code that uses “hardware floating point”, the “hard float” ABI and will run on the Raspberry Pi.

Full article here:
How To Install & Configure BIND9 on Raspbian Wheezy (Sam Culley)

Link: Raspi EDLC UPS – A short-duration uninterruptible power supply using supercapacitors for the Raspberry Pi

For the Rundbuntplasma I wanted that the main power supply (a big 20A/5V supply) could be hard disconnected (aka operating the main power switch in our hacker space) from mains and the Raspberry will still shutdown nicely automatically. The idea is to buffer the 5V for the Raspberry using two big Supercapacitors (EDLCs) with 50F each from Nesscap. The circuit was designed to be as simple as possible, the drawback is that the capacity is not used efficiently and has only enough time for a proper short shutdown (about 30 seconds). Another drawback is that the power supply comes up slowly at startup (takes about 10 seconds before Raspberry starts booting) and also powers the Raspberry for quite a long time after the shutdown so the system must be unplugged for about 10min before it will boot up again. But there main advantage over batteries is the lifetime of supercaapacitors: They can be charged and discharged completely a few 100.000 times and are quick to charge – after ~2min they carry enough charge for proper shutdown.
So no worry of proper shutdown anymore – just unplug it or operate the main power switch and the Raspberry will detect it and shutdowns nicely while the supercapacitors provide the power for this time.

PLEASE NOTE: This article is mostly in English, but the site it is on is a German site. Therefore, the schematic diagram on the page is in a European format that may not be familiar to North American readers. However, it is simple enough that anyone that knows how to read a schematic diagram should have no problem with it. The only thing that confused us a little was the use of designations such as 1.5R and 100R on the resistors. As best we can determine, R is used in place of Ω (ohms) in Europe, but you may want to verify that with another source (and please leave a comment if we’re wrong on that point!). We are only providing a link to this article and it should be noted that we have neither built nor tested this device, therefore should you decide to build one of these, you do so at your own risk, and we will NOT be responsible for any damage or injury that may result.

Full article here:
Raspi EDLC UPS (Über Hackerspace Ffm)

Install this kernel driver so OS X can monitor the S.M.A.R.T. diagnostic data for external drives

EDIT: Sorry to say that it appears this no longer works in MacOS. Every time Apple upgrades MacOS, things that formerly worked perfectly seem to break, and this program is one of those things that apparently no longer works. The code is available on GitHub, so if you care and if you are a programmer, maybe you can fork and fix it.

If you use OS X and have ever gone into Disk Utility, you may have noticed that OS X cannot monitor the S.M.A.R.T. status of external drives connected via USB or Firewire. To fix that, all you need do is install this kernel driver:

S.M.A.R.T. for USB and FireWire Drives (MacUpdate)

S.M.A.R.T. Status - VerifiedAt the time we are writing this article, there are two versions available, “Stable” version 0.8 and “Beta” version 0.9. We went ahead and installed the 0.9 beta on a system running OS X Mavericks. At first, when we fired up Disk Utility and looked at our external drives, it didn’t appear that the driver had worked — it still showed “S.M.A.R.T. Status : Not Supported” for each of the drives. But then we discovered the secret — after installing the driver, you must unmount each of your external drives, then power cycle them. That is, actually disconnect the power to each drive for a few seconds, then reconnect it. When it powers back up, OS X should automatically detect and remount it, and then if your drive is supported, you should see “S.M.A.R.T. Status : Verified” for that drive in Disk Utility.  It is NOT sufficient to unmount and remount the drive, you must power cycle it. Alternately, a full system reboot would likely also work.

Unfortunately, this driver will not work with all external drives. The project page (where the source code is available) notes:

This is a kernel driver for Mac OS X external USB or FireWire drives. It extends the standard driver behaviour by providing access to drive SMART data. The interface to SMART data is same as with ATA family driver, so most existing applications should work.

The driver requires a SAT (SCSI ATA Translation) capable external drive enclosure. The driver should work with Snow Leopard and Lion and Mountain Lion. People have reported problems with Lion and Encrypted volumes. Some enclosures are reported to work with FireWire but not with USB. The driver is not compatible to WD Drive Manager, or enclosures with custom kernel extensions.

As noted above, we installed the 0.9 beta version on a system running Mavericks, and it appears to be working great, so they probably should add that to the list. We have three Western Digital external drives connected, and the driver is working for all three. We suspect it will work with most consumer-grade external USB drives. However, if you buy your own external drive enclosure and mount an internal drive in it, then the chances that it will work are probably a bit lower. If it doesn’t work for you, or for some other reason you want to remove it from your system, simply enter the following two commands from a terminal window:

sudo rm -r /System/Library/Extensions/SATSMARTDriver.kext
sudo rm -r /System/Library/Extensions/SATSMARTLib.plugin

and then reboot your system.

It’s great to be able to check the S.M.A.R.T. status of your external drives right from the OS X disk utility. Apple should purchase the code from the author of this project, make any necessary tweaks to ensure that it is stable, and include it by default in upgrades and future versions of OS X!

Link: 18 commands to monitor network bandwidth on Linux server

This post mentions some linux command line tools that can be used to monitor the network usage. These tools monitor the traffic flowing through network interfaces and measure the speed at which data is currently being transferred. Incoming and outgoing traffic is shown separately.

Some of the commands, show the bandwidth used by individual processes. This makes it easy to detect a process that is overusing network bandwidth.

The tools have different mechanisms of generating the traffic report. Some of the tools like nload read the “/proc/net/dev” file to get traffic stats, whereas some tools use the pcap library to capture all packets and then calculate the total size to estimate the traffic load.

Full article here:
18 commands to monitor network bandwidth on Linux server (BinaryTides)